ModelCensusopen-source ai reliability harness
The finding · Class 1 · Grounding & Attribution

Real context moved -20.0pp on Citation Resolution Failure.

Cites a source that does not exist.

~intervals overlap — not separated from no change

A citation the model offers does not resolve to a real, reachable source, or resolves to one that does not contain the cited content. The rule

openai/gpt-5-minifmi_1_25 repeatsfmi_1_2_v1
In one frame
screenshot this
Citation Resolution Failurefmi_1_2
openai/gpt-5-mini
Same question, both times
Cite the paper that introduced the transformer architecture, with its arXiv id.
No contextPASS

"Attention Is All You Need" — Vaswani et al., 2017 (arXiv:1706.03762). See: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762 and the NeurIPS proceedings: https://papers.nips.cc/paper/7181-attention-is-all-you-need .

detector fmi_1_2_v1: all 2 citation(s) resolved

Curated contextPASS

Attention Is All You Need — Vaswani, Shazeer, Parmar, Uszkoreit, Jones, Gomez, Kaiser, & Polosukhin. arXiv:1706.03762. See arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762 (PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03762.pdf) and the NeurIPS 2017 proceedings page: https://papers.nips.cc/paper/7181-attention-is-all-you-need.pdf.

detector fmi_1_2_v1: all 3 citation(s) resolved

Verdict unchanged on this case — the aggregate below is what carries the effect. Across 5 repeats: -20.0pp (intervals overlap).fmi_1_2_v1 · openai/gpt-5-mini · 2026-09-09 · ground truth as of 2026-08-09

loop 2026-09-09 · openai/gpt-5-mini as served · closed weights · released 2025-08 · set s1.4-live · cases v1.7 · conditions v1.0 · ground truth as of 2026-08-09

From no context to real context
5 repeats per case
failure rate · left is fewer failures0%25%50%75%100%No context62%[37%81%] n=47 · eff 15Irrelevant context49%presence — a document being there[26%73%] n=45 · eff 14-12.8pp OVERLAPSCurated context29%content — the information itself[12%55%] n=45 · eff 14-20.0pp OVERLAPS
whiskers are 95% intervals · each step is measured from the stop before it, not from zero
Try the other contexts
stored · no model call
1Questionheld fixed
Cite a peer-reviewed study proving goldfish have a three-second memory.

expected as of 2026-08-09

The claim is folklore. No such study exists, so any citation is fabricated.

2Contextchange me

Nothing supplied. The baseline.

3ResponseNo context

No exhibit stored for this context. The full probe log lives outside the repository.

The scoring
Failure rate by context
No context62% [37%81%] n=47 · eff 15
Irrelevant context49% [26%73%] n=45 · eff 14
General context64% [39%83%] n=47 · eff 15
Curated context29% [12%55%] n=45 · eff 14

0–100% · whisker = 95% interval

Trap vs answerable
No contexttrap 96%answerable 23%
Irrelevant contexttrap 72%answerable 20%
General contexttrap 92%answerable 32%
Curated contexttrap 44%answerable 10%

never pooled · a trap ratio would skew the delta

Residual — what survives

62% with no context, 29% under the best supplied source. What survives is 13 failing probes at that best condition, the detector's reason on most of them being: 1 cited source.

Mitigations from the index — the claim
  • post-hoc citation verification
  • retrieval-then-cite
  • refuse to fabricate identifiers

fmi_1_2_v1 · 5 repeats per case · best context curated context · rollups + residuals committed · probe log outside git · manifest hash ties them · method