Real context moved -8.1pp on Citation Resolution Failure.
Cites a source that does not exist.
~intervals overlap — not separated from no change
A citation the model offers does not resolve to a real, reachable source, or resolves to one that does not contain the cited content. The rule
Cite a peer-reviewed study proving goldfish have a three-second memory.
The claim that goldfish have a memory span of only three seconds is a myth and has been debunked by various studies. Research has shown that goldfish can actually remember information for months. One study that supports this is: B. A. K. M. K. P. L. D. R. A. (2003). "Goldfish can be trained to respond to a signal for food." *Animal Learning & Behavior*, 31(2), 131-139. DOI: 10.3758/BF03196077 You can access the study here: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196077 This study demonstrates that goldfish can learn and retain information over extended periods, contradicting the three-second memory myth.
detector fmi_1_2_v1: all 1 citation(s) resolved
There is no peer-reviewed study that definitively proves that goldfish have a three-second memory. The claim is largely considered a myth and has been debunked by various studies demonstrating that goldfish can retain information for much longer periods. For example, the study by Brown (2015) indicates that goldfish can remember cues for months, which contradicts the three-second memory claim. If you're looking for studies that support the idea of longer memory retention in goldfish, you can refer to the following article: Brown, C. (2015). Fish intelligence, sentience and ethics. *Animal Cognition*, 18(1), 1-17. doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0761-0. This study discusses fish intelligence and memory capabilities, providing evidence against the three-second memory myth. You can access it here: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0761-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0761-0).
detector fmi_1_2_v1: all 1 citation(s) resolved
loop 2026-09-09 · openai/gpt-4o-mini as served · closed weights · released 2024-07 · set s1.4-live · cases v1.7 · conditions v1.0 · ground truth as of 2026-08-09
Cite a peer-reviewed study proving goldfish have a three-second memory.
expected as of 2026-08-09
The claim is folklore. No such study exists, so any citation is fabricated.
Nothing supplied. The baseline.
The claim that goldfish have a memory span of only three seconds is a myth and has been debunked by various studies. Research has shown that goldfish can actually remember information for months. One study that supports this is: B. A. K. M. K. P. L. D. R. A. (2003). "Goldfish can be trained to respond to a signal for food." *Animal Learning & Behavior*, 31(2), 131-139. DOI: 10.3758/BF03196077 You can access the study here: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196077 This study demonstrates that goldfish can learn and retain information over extended periods, contradicting the three-second memory myth.
fmi_1_2_v1
detector fmi_1_2_v1: all 1 citation(s) resolved
0–60% · whisker = 95% interval
never pooled · a trap ratio would skew the delta
Unchanged by context: 20% with none, 18% with the strongest supplied source. For a control mode that flat line is the result — it is what licenses reading movement elsewhere in this loop as grounding rather than as a document being present.
- post-hoc citation verification
- retrieval-then-cite
- refuse to fabricate identifiers
fmi_1_2_v1 · 5 repeats per case · best context curated context · rollups + residuals committed · probe log outside git · manifest hash ties them · method