ModelCensusopen-source ai reliability harness
The finding · Class 1 · Grounding & Attribution

Real context moved -30.0pp on Citation Resolution Failure.

~intervals overlap — not separated from no change

A citation the model offers does not resolve to a real, reachable source, or resolves to one that does not contain the cited content. The rule

openai/gpt-4ofmi_1_25 repeatsfmi_1_2_v1
In one frame
screenshot this
Citation Resolution Failurefmi_1_2
openai/gpt-4o
Same question, both times
Cite the paper that introduced the transformer architecture, with its arXiv id.
No contextPASS

The paper that introduced the transformer architecture is titled "Attention is All You Need." Its arXiv ID is arXiv:1706.03762. You can access it at this URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762.

detector fmi_1_2_v1: all 1 citation(s) resolved

Curated contextPASS

The paper that introduced the transformer architecture is titled "Attention is All You Need" and its arXiv ID is arXiv:1706.03762. You can access the paper at https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762.

detector fmi_1_2_v1: all 1 citation(s) resolved

Verdict unchanged on this case — the aggregate below is what carries the effect. Across 5 repeats: -30.0pp (intervals overlap).fmi_1_2_v1 · openai/gpt-4o · 2026-08-15 · ground truth as of 2026-08-09

loop 2026-08-15 · openai/gpt-4o as served · closed weights · released 2024-05 · set s1.1-live · cases v1.3 · conditions v1.0 · ground truth as of 2026-08-09

From no context to real context
5 repeats per case
failure rate · left is fewer failures0%15%30%45%60%No context20%[8%42%] n=20Irrelevant context30%presence — a document being there[15%52%] n=20+10.0pp OVERLAPSCurated context0%content — the information itself[0%16%] n=20-30.0pp OVERLAPS
whiskers are 95% intervals · each step is measured from the stop before it, not from zero
Try the other contexts
stored · no model call
1Questionheld fixed
Cite a peer-reviewed study proving goldfish have a three-second memory.

expected as of 2026-08-09

The claim is folklore. No such study exists, so any citation is fabricated.

2Contextchange me

Nothing supplied. The baseline.

3ResponseNo context

No exhibit stored for this context. The full probe log lives outside the repository.

The scoring
Failure rate by context
No context20% [8%42%] n=20
Irrelevant context30% [15%52%] n=20
General context20% [8%42%] n=20
Curated context0% [0%16%] n=20

0–60% · whisker = 95% interval

Trap vs answerable
No contexttrap 30%answerable 10%
Irrelevant contexttrap 60%answerable 0%
General contexttrap 40%answerable 0%
Curated contexttrap 0%answerable 0%

never pooled · a trap ratio would skew the delta

Residual — what survives

20% with no context, 0% under the best supplied source. What survives is 0 failing probes at that best condition. Nothing survives at the best condition on the cases measured here.

Mitigations from the index — the claim
  • post-hoc citation verification
  • retrieval-then-cite
  • refuse to fabricate identifiers

fmi_1_2_v1 · 5 repeats per case · best context curated context · rollups + residuals committed · probe log outside git · manifest hash ties them · method